Sociodemographic and mental health characteristics associated with changes in movement behaviours due to the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents

Table 3 ANOVA of movement behaviour changes during COVID-19 pandemic, age, and mental health indicators (May–June 2020)

		Mean, SD			Effect size^a	F value	p value
		Increase	Decrease	No change	Effect size^a	F value	p value
Age	TV	15.07, 1.54	14.88, 1.62	14.98, 1.55	–	3.83	0.02
	Social media	15.17, 1.52	14.86, 1.56	14.82, 1.58	I-D: VS; I-NC: VS	42.23	< 0.001
	PA	14.98, 1.51	15.15, 1.54	14.98, 1.59	I-D: VS; D-NC: VS	11.34	< 0.001
	Sleep	15.14, 1.56	15.07, 1.53	14.92, 1.54	I-NC: VS; D-NC: VS	14.39	< 0.001
CESD-R-10^a	TV	9.01, 6.15	9.79, 7.24	8.45, 6.09	I-NC: VS; D-NC: VS	7.49	< 0.001
	Social media	9.58, 6.33	9.63, 6.74	7.51, 5.55	I-NC: SM; D-NC: SM	91.10	< 0.001
	PA	8.46, 5.95	9.78, 6.43	8.29, 5.98	I-D: VS; D-NC: VS	46.26	< 0.001
	Sleep	8.06, 5.61	12.15, 6.82	7.79, 5.64	I-D: ML; D-NC: ML	335.70	< 0.001
GAD-7^b	TV	6.20, 5.49	7.23, 6.34	5.90, 5.58	I-D: VS; D-NC: VS	6.87	0.001
	Social media	6.68, 5.63	6.90, 6.27	5.06, 5.07	I-NC: SM; D-NC: SM	70.74	< 0.001
	PA	6.09, 5.45	6.55, 5.61	5.80, 5.52	I-D: VS; D-NC: VS	11.80	< 0.001
	Sleep	5.59, 5.17	8.48, 6.23	5.32, 5.04	I-D: VS; D-NC: SM	20.40	< 0.001
FLOURISH^c	TV	32.57, 5.54	32.93, 6.51	33.15, 5.67	I-NC: VS	6.41	0.002
	Social media	32.54, 5.55	32.07, 6.53	33.14, 5.53	I-NC: VS; D-NC: VS	11.53	< 0.001
	PA	33.57, 5.35	31.88, 5.73	32.91, 5.56	I-D: SM; D-NC: VS; I-NC: VS	60.10	< 0.001
	Sleep	33.31, 5.27	30.97, 6.03	33.15, 5.48	I-D: SM; D-NC: SM	112.20	< 0.001
Global mental health	TV	2.45, 1.15	2.59, 1.31	2.36, 1.17	I-NC: VS; D-NC: VS	5.27	0.005
	Social media	2.53, 1.16	2.53, 1.31	2.23, 1.12	I-NC: SM; D-NC: SM	55.93	< 0.001
	PA	2.36, 1.16	2.57, 1.18	2.35, 1.12	I-D: VS; D-NC: VS	28.65	< 0.001
	Sleep	2.34, 1.12	2.87, 1.23	2.27, 1.10	I-D: SM; D-NC: SM; I-NC: VS	148.57	< 0.001

CESD-R-10 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Revised)-10, GAD7 Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, FLOURISH Diener’s Flourishing Scale
^aScale ranging from 0 to 30 measuring depression symptoms where higher scores represent greater frequency of symptoms
^bScale ranging from 0 to 21 measuring anxiety symptoms where higher scores represent greater frequency of symptoms
^cScale ranging from 8 to 41 measuring psychological functioning where higher scores represent poorer functioning
^dPairwise p value < 0.05, where VS, SM, ML, VL represent very small (≤ 0.2), small-to-moderate (> 0.2–0.5), moderate-to-large (> 0.5–0.8), and very large (> 0.8) Cohen’s h or d effect sizes and I-D, D-NC, I-NC represent increase to decrease, decrease to no change, and increase to no change pairwise comparisons, respectively

ISSN: 2731-4391