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Table 5 Coefficients and odds ratios (OR) of having a total sleep duration of 11/10/9 h (2/3–5/6 years)

From: Meeting the WHO 24-h guidelines among 2–6-year-old children by family socioeconomic status before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study

 

2019

2020

2021

 

Estimate

OR

95% CI

Estimate

OR

95% CI

Estimate

OR

95% CI

Household income level (€/year)

         

1) Less than 20,000

         

 Weekday

− 0.278

0.757

0.472–1.215

0.133

1.142

0.822–1.587

− 0.377*

0.686

0.485–0.969

 Weekend

− 0.537

0.585

0.338–1.010

0.060

1.062

0.698–1.615

− 0.092

0.912

0.579–1.437

2) 20,000–39,999

         

 Weekday

− 0.268

0.765

0.529–1.105

− 0.147

0.863

0.670–1.111

− 0.152

0.859

0.657–1.122

 Weekend

0.382

1.465

0.857–2.503

− 0.067

0.935

0.676–1.293

0.041

1.042

0.736–1.474

4) 70,000–99,999

         

 Weekday

− 0.011

0.989

0.719–1.360

0.117

1.125

0.911–1.389

0.108

1.114

0.891–1.391

 Weekend

0.235

1.265

0.828–1.935

0.310*

1.364

1.018–1.827

0.475*

1.608

1.182–2.186

5) 100,000 or more

         

 Weekday

0.285

1.329

0.858–2.059

0.238

1.268

0.973–1.654

0.184

1.203

0.934–1.548

 Weekend

0.690*

1.995

1.073–3.707

0.437*

1.548

1.067–2.245

0.171

1.186

0.848–1.659

Parental education level

         

2) No formal/Primary/Secondary

         

 Weekday

− 0.349

0.705

0.449–1.107

− 0.371*

0.690

0.496–0.962

− 0.104

0.901

0.641–1.268

 Weekend

− 0.314

0.731

0.411–1.300

− 0.531*

0.588

0.391–0.885

0.122

1.130

0.701–1.822

3) Vocational

         

 Weekday

− 0.149

0.862

0.621–1.197

− 0.183

0.833

0.666–1.042

0.049

1.050

0.824–1.339

 Weekend

− 0.091

0.913

0.598–1.394

− 0.368*

0.692

0.518–0.925

− 0.027

0.973

0.715–1.324

5) Master’s degree or higher

         

 Weekday

0.036

1.037

0.758–1.419

0.008

1.008

0.823–1.235

0.025

1.026

0.841–1.251

 Weekend

0.297

1.346

0.864–2.097

0.077

1.080

0.810–1.440

0.141

1.151

0.874–1.518

  1. Reference categories: Child’s gender: boy; Household income level: 3) 40,000–69,999 (€/year); Parental education level: 4) Bachelor’s degree. *p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.001