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Table 1 Demographic, time-use, mental wellbeing and adaptive skills, inhibitory control, and self-regulation variables (n = 392a)

From: Associations between activity, sedentary and sleep behaviours and psychosocial health in young children: a longitudinal compositional time-use study

 

Full analysis sample

Those with time-use data at 2 years of age

Those with time-use data at 3.5 years of age

Those with time-use data at 5 years of age

n

392

197

266

348

Maternal age at child’s birth (y)

    

 Mean (SD)

33.0 (4.5)

33.2 (4.2)

33.1 (4.4)

32.9 (4.4)

Maternal parity, n (%)

    

 Primiparous

173 (44.1)

81 (41.1)

118 (44.4)

153 (44.0)

 Multiparous

219 (55.9)

116 (58.9)

148 (55.6)

195 (56.0)

Maternal education, n (%)

    

 School only

37 (9.5)

17 (8.6)

24 (9.1)

32 (9.2)

 Post-secondary

92 (23.5)

40 (20.3)

63 (23.8)

83 (23.9)

 University degree or higher

262 (67.0)

140 (71.1)

178 (67.2)

233 (67.0)

Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

    

 Mean (SD)

25.2 (5.3)

25.0 (5.2)

25.3 (5.4)

25.2 (5.2)

Household deprivation, n (%)

    

 1–3 (Low)

149 (38.5)

81 (41.8)

108 (41.1)

131 (38.1)

 4–7

165 (42.6)

80 (41.2)

111 (42.2)

146 (42.4)

 8–10 (High)

73 (18.9)

33 (17.0)

44 (16.7)

67 (19.5)

Sex, n (%)

    

Male

197 (50.3)

100 (50.8)

140 (52.6)

176 (50.6)

BMI z-score at 5 years

    

 Mean (SD)

0.46 (0.85)

0.41 (0.86)

0.43 (0.89)

0.46 (0.84)

 Female

195 (49.7)

97 (49.2)

126 (47.4)

172 (49.4)

Snore, n (%)

–

–

16 (6.0)

18 (5.2)

Sleep (minutes)

    

 Mean (SD)

–

681 (50)

653 (38)

634 (36)

Sedentary behaviour (minutes)

    

 Mean (SD)

–

462 (49)

474 (51)

490 (54)

Light physical activity (minutes)

    

 Mean (SD)

–

–b

239 (41)

228 (40)

Moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes)

    

 Mean (SD)

–

–b

73 (31)

88 (32)

Light to vigorous physical activity (minutes)

    

 Mean (SD)

–

297 (53)

313 (60)

316 (61)

Outcome measures all at 5 years of age

    

Inhibitory control

    

 Heads–Toes–Knees–Shoulders [38]

    

  Mean (SD)

26.1 (18.4)

25.8 (17.6)

25.2 (18.3)

26.3 (18.4)

 Statue (NEPSY-2) [37]

    

  Mean (SD)

17.3 (8.8)

17.2 (8.8)

16.8 (8.9)

17.5 (8.8)

Self-regulation (BASC-2) [39]

    

Hyperactivity

    

  Mean (SD)

9.6 (3.9)

9.2 (4.0)

9.8 (4.0)

9.6 (4.0)

Emotional self-control

    

  Mean (SD)

18.5 (3.0)

18.8 (2.8)

18.4 (2.9)

18.6 (2.9)

Executive functioning

    

  Mean (SD)

27.2 (4.2)

27.6 (4.1)

27.1 (4.1)

27.3 (4.2)

Attentional problems

    

  Mean (SD)

6.3 (2.4)

6.2 (2.3)

6.4 (2.3)

6.3 (2.5)

Mental wellbeing (BASC-2) [39]

    

Anxiety

    

  Mean (SD)

9.1 (4.7)

8.5 (4.5)

9.0 (4.6)

9.0 (4.7)

Depression

    

  Mean (SD)

7.4 (3.5)

7.0 (3.3)

7.5 (3.5)

7.3 (3.5)

Resilience

    

  Mean (SD)

25.7 (4.7)

26.2 (4.8)

25.6 (4.6)

25.7 (4.7)

  1. BMI  body mass index, NEPSY-2  NeuroPSYchological Assessment, BASC-2  Behavioral Assessment System for children
  2. an = 392 is the number of participants who had time-use data at either 2, 3.5 or 5 years of age and complete mental health/self-regulation data at 5 years of age. One participant missing maternal education; two missing maternal BMI, five missing household deprivation
  3. bNot calculated as guidelines at this age refer to light-to-vigorous activity (LMVPA) only
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Journal of Activity, Sedentary and Sleep Behaviors

ISSN: 2731-4391

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