| Full analysis sample | Those with time-use data at 2 years of age | Those with time-use data at 3.5 years of age | Those with time-use data at 5 years of age |
---|---|---|---|---|
n | 392 | 197 | 266 | 348 |
Maternal age at child’s birth (y) |  |  |  |  |
 Mean (SD) | 33.0 (4.5) | 33.2 (4.2) | 33.1 (4.4) | 32.9 (4.4) |
Maternal parity, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primiparous | 173 (44.1) | 81 (41.1) | 118 (44.4) | 153 (44.0) |
 Multiparous | 219 (55.9) | 116 (58.9) | 148 (55.6) | 195 (56.0) |
Maternal education, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 School only | 37 (9.5) | 17 (8.6) | 24 (9.1) | 32 (9.2) |
 Post-secondary | 92 (23.5) | 40 (20.3) | 63 (23.8) | 83 (23.9) |
 University degree or higher | 262 (67.0) | 140 (71.1) | 178 (67.2) | 233 (67.0) |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | 25.2 (5.3) | 25.0 (5.2) | 25.3 (5.4) | 25.2 (5.2) |
Household deprivation, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1–3 (Low) | 149 (38.5) | 81 (41.8) | 108 (41.1) | 131 (38.1) |
 4–7 | 165 (42.6) | 80 (41.2) | 111 (42.2) | 146 (42.4) |
 8–10 (High) | 73 (18.9) | 33 (17.0) | 44 (16.7) | 67 (19.5) |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 197 (50.3) | 100 (50.8) | 140 (52.6) | 176 (50.6) |
BMI z-score at 5Â years | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | 0.46 (0.85) | 0.41 (0.86) | 0.43 (0.89) | 0.46 (0.84) |
 Female | 195 (49.7) | 97 (49.2) | 126 (47.4) | 172 (49.4) |
Snore, n (%) | – | – | 16 (6.0) | 18 (5.2) |
Sleep (minutes) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | – | 681 (50) | 653 (38) | 634 (36) |
Sedentary behaviour (minutes) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | – | 462 (49) | 474 (51) | 490 (54) |
Light physical activity (minutes) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | – | –b | 239 (41) | 228 (40) |
Moderate to vigorous physical activity (minutes) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | – | –b | 73 (31) | 88 (32) |
Light to vigorous physical activity (minutes) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Mean (SD) | – | 297 (53) | 313 (60) | 316 (61) |
Outcome measures all at 5Â years of age | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Inhibitory control | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Heads–Toes–Knees–Shoulders [38] |  |  |  |  |
  Mean (SD) | 26.1 (18.4) | 25.8 (17.6) | 25.2 (18.3) | 26.3 (18.4) |
 Statue (NEPSY-2) [37] |  |  |  |  |
  Mean (SD) | 17.3 (8.8) | 17.2 (8.8) | 16.8 (8.9) | 17.5 (8.8) |
Self-regulation (BASC-2) [39] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hyperactivity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 9.6 (3.9) | 9.2 (4.0) | 9.8 (4.0) | 9.6 (4.0) |
Emotional self-control | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 18.5 (3.0) | 18.8 (2.8) | 18.4 (2.9) | 18.6 (2.9) |
Executive functioning | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 27.2 (4.2) | 27.6 (4.1) | 27.1 (4.1) | 27.3 (4.2) |
Attentional problems | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 6.3 (2.4) | 6.2 (2.3) | 6.4 (2.3) | 6.3 (2.5) |
Mental wellbeing (BASC-2) [39] | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Anxiety | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 9.1 (4.7) | 8.5 (4.5) | 9.0 (4.6) | 9.0 (4.7) |
Depression | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 7.4 (3.5) | 7.0 (3.3) | 7.5 (3.5) | 7.3 (3.5) |
Resilience | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Mean (SD) | 25.7 (4.7) | 26.2 (4.8) | 25.6 (4.6) | 25.7 (4.7) |