Optimal domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors for blood lipids among Japanese children: a compositional data analysis

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the study participants

	Boys (n = 147)		Girls (n = 137)		p value^c
	Mean^a	SD/%^b	Mean^a	SD/%^b	p value^c
Age (years)	10.1	1.2	10.0	1.1	0.333
Height (cm)	139.1	9.3	137.8	9.2	0.217
Body mass (kg)	35.5	8.9	33.7	8.1	0.067
BMI (kg/m²)	18.2	3.2	17.5	2.5	0.057
BMI-z score	0.4	1.6	0.2	1.1	0.089
Blood lipid concentration
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.4	0.7	4.5	0.7	0.270
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	0.9	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.172
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.6	0.3	1.6	0.3	0.687
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.4	0.6	2.5	0.6	0.074
Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	2.7	0.6	2.8	0.6	0.137
School time behaviors (min/day)
Accelerometer wear time	453.3	21.8	451.6	24.7	0.535
SB	256.4	55.6%	301.5	65.4%	< 0.001
LPA	164.0	35.6%	134.9	29.3%	0.340
MPA	27.7	6.0%	17.8	3.9%	< 0.001
VPA	12.9	2.8%	6.9	1.5%	< 0.001
Out-of-school time behaviors (min/day)
Accelerometer wear time	404.0	115.5	407.6	89.6	0.771
SB	283.8	29.0%	302.1	30.8%	0.001
LPA	129.3	13.2%	120.4	12.3%	0.019
MPA	24.6	2.5%	19.8	2.0%	< 0.001
VPA	7.6	0.8%	5.7	0.6%	0.005
Time in bed	534.7	54.6%	532.0	54.3%	0.001
Meeting PA guideline (%)^d	63.5		25.0		< 0.001

SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SB sedentary behaviors, LPA light physical activity, MPA moderate physical activity, VPA vigorous physical activity, PA physical activity
^aGeometric mean normalized to 24-h for time-use components; arithmetic mean for the other variables
^bThe respective geometric means in percentages are presented for 24-h time-use composition
^cDifferences between sexes were tested using the Welch’s t test. For each movement behavior, the first pivot coordinate (i.e., ratio of one behavior and geometric mean of the remaining behaviors) was used to test
^dChildren who spent more than 60 min on MVPA per day met the PA guidelines [38]

ISSN: 2731-4391