Table 1 Participant characteristics, physical activity levels, and EQ-5D values

Age, year

38.7 (10.3)

37.4 (8.91)

38.1 (10.5)

37.1 (9.25)

43.0 (11.9)

0.007

Gender, female

225 (81.2%)

69 (71.1%)

85 (93.4%)

24 (66.7%)

47 (88.7%)

 < 0.001

Education, above Bachelor’s degree

98 (35.4%)

36 (37.1%)

20 (22.0%)

12 (33.3%)

30 (56.6%)

 < 0.001

Smoking

16 (5.78%)

7(7.22%)

6 (6.59%)

2 (5.56%)

1 (1.89%)

0.581

Obese (Body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m²)

64 (23.1%)

24 (24.7%)

17 (18.7%)

8 (22.2%)

15 (28.3%)

0.579

Having any cardiovascular disease

38 (13.7%)

8 (8.25%)

14 (15.4%)

3 (8.33%)

13 (24.5%)

0.032

Physical activity

 Moderate-to-Vigorous physical activity per week, min

175 (126)

270 (116)

89.5 (35.5)

269 (132)

84.8 (31.2)

 < 0.001

 Sedentary time per day, min

486 (109)

441 (80.7)

422 (83.8)

596 (51.8)

605 (52.5)

 < 0.001

EuroQol-5 dimension values

 Mean (SD)

0.910 (0.102)

0.923 (0.111)

0.907 (0.0893)

0.921 (0.0670)

0.887 (0.122)

0.001

 Median

0.928

0.960

0.928

0.928

0.924

EuroQol-5 dimensions: participants with problems in^c

 Mobility

99 (35.7%)

29 (29.9%)

33 (36.3%)

14 (38.9%)

23 (43.4%)

0.398

 Self-care

18 (6.50%)

4 (4.12%)

6 (6.59%)

1 (2.78%)

7 (13.2%)

0.130

 Usual Activity

59 (21.3%)

14 (14.4%)

24 (26.4%)

6 (16.7%)

15 (28.3%)

0.105

 Pain or Discomfort

154 (55.6%)

48 (49.5%)

49 (53.9%)

20 (55.6%)

37 (69.8%)

0.116

 Anxiety or Depression

128 (46.2%)

44 (45.4%)

42 (46.2%)

17 (47.2%)

25 (47.2%)

0.996